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Function of the Torque Converter
When shifting between adjacent gears, different operating procedures are required. Regardless of the gear shifting method, the rotational angular velocity of the gear ring to be engaged and the engaging sleeve, or the linear velocity at the meshing point of the gear to be engaged, must remain consistent. However, the underlying principles of speed analysis are similar.
Synchronizer Function
When shifting gears, it is necessary to maintain the same angular velocity between the gear ring to be engaged and the engaging sleeve. The operating steps are similar to shifting between adjacent gears, but based on different speed analysis principles. To simplify operation and avoid gear clash, a synchronizer can be installed in the transmission's shifting mechanism. Inertia synchronizer
Cylinder Head
The cylinder head is mounted on top of the cylinder block, sealing the cylinders and forming part of the combustion chamber: Due to contact with high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gases, the cylinder head is subjected to significant thermal and mechanical loads. In water-cooled engines, the cylinder head contains cooling water jackets, which cool high-temperature areas such as the combustion chamber through circulating water. Additionally, the cylinder head also features