Categorized by material and structure, shock absorbers primarily come in three types: hydraulic, gas-filled, and variable damping:
Hydraulic shock absorbers are widely used in automotive suspension systems. Their working principle involves the reciprocating motion of fluid within the cylinder, generating damping force through friction and internal friction.
Gas-filled shock absorbers are a new type of shock absorber, characterized by a floating piston and a sealed gas chamber filled with high-pressure nitrogen in the lower part of the cylinder. The working piston is equipped with compression and rebound valves, which control the flow of fluid by changing the cross-sectional area of the passages, thereby generating damping force.
Structurally, shock absorbers are divided into two types: monotube and twin-tube. Monotube shock absorbers have a simpler structure, requiring only one floating piston and a throttle valve, while twin-tube shock absorbers require four valves, including a flow valve and a compensation valve.
In addition, there are adjustable damping shock absorbers, which allow external operation to change the size of the throttle orifice, and electronically controlled shock absorbers, which automatically adjust the damping force by detecting driving conditions via sensors.
